An overview of nanomaterial-enhanced miniaturized/microfluidic devices for electrochemical sensing

Since their beginnings, various nanomaterials have been harnessed to enhance the performance of miniaturized/microfluidic devices for multiplexed applications. Their exceptional characteristics, such as a greater surface to volume ratio, high electronic and magnetic properties, conductivity, and ease of chemical modification, have made nanomaterials attractive. Likewise, microfluidic and lab-on-chip platforms have been recognized as superlative devices and disease diagnostic tools owing to their well-proven properties. A substantial amount of research is being done to design lab-on-chip platforms surfaced enhanced by varied nanomaterials for analytical sensing of interests including biochemicals, biomarkers, DNA, cells, proteins, and pollutants. Of several detection mechanisms, electrochemical-based detections are being implemented. Furthermore, the incorporation of nanomaterials for electroanalytical detection advances sensitivity, selectivity, stability, and reproducibility. Therefore, these have proven to be of prodigious significance. This chapter gives a detailed overview of advances in nanomaterial-enhanced microfluidic/miniaturized devices for various electrochemical sensing applications.