Creating new opportunities for sustainable food packaging through dimensions of industry 4.0: New insights into the food waste perspective

Non-biodegradable food packaging (mainly plastic) and food waste are two major concerns that cause severe environmental and economic challenges as well as potential human health and food insecurity risks. Therefore, intensive efforts are being devoted to transforming food production and consumption patterns and developing alternative technological solutions to alleviate such issues. This review intends to discuss the interplay between food packaging, food waste, and sustainability. Some common strategies used in food packaging are briefly summarised. The significance of nanobiotechnology, smart sensors, and other fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) innovations is emphasized, focusing of the role of these smart technologies in the emergence of novel prospects, such as the development of active and intelligent packaging systems. In addition, insights on consumer acceptance of novel packaging materials/technologies are given and conclusions are drawn. Key findings and conclusions: Several innovative food packaging solutions based on Industry 4.0 technologies are being developed, changing the way food is packed and consumed. Indeed, growing evidence shows that digital technologies (particularly artificial intelligence, big data, blockchain, and 3D printing) will have a greater impact on food packaging in the sense of "Packaging 4.0". However, more research is still needed to fully harness the benefit of advanced technologies, enabling them to overcome current barriers and achieve a healthier and more sustainable food future.