3D-printed microfibers encapsulating stem cells in scaffold with tri-culture and two-stage metformin release for bone/vasculature/nerve regeneration in rats

This novel hPDLSCs tri-culture system in aMF-CPC scaffold with two-stage metformin release is highly promising for the regeneration of all three tissues of bone, vasculature, and nerves in a wide range of craniofacial and orthopedic applications.