Near-infrared imaging with indocyanine green fluorescence for intraoperative lymphatic assessment in rectal cancer surgery: a systematic review

ICG lymphography for fluorescence guidance for LLND is a feasible and safe technique, with promising application in terms of the number of harvested lymph nodes and post-operative outcomes improvement during rectal oncological surgery. As some of these benefits have been already suggested by the current literature, they need to be confirmed in larger and randomized clinical.