Sanguisorba officinalis L. promotes diabetic wound healing in rats through inflammation response mediated by macrophage

Abstract Sanguisorba officinalis L., a traditional Chinese medicine, is frequently used to treat burns and scalds. But even so, it is unknown whether S. officinalis L. can accelerate diabetic wounds (DW) healing. Here, to bridge the gap, we employed in vivo and in vitro evaluations to assess the positive effect of S. officinalis L. ethanol extract (ESO) on DW. Results demonstrated that ESO dramatically improved the DW healing rate. With ESO treatment, the inappropriately elevated levels of IL6, IL1β and TNFα in DW were reduced, while the expression of IL10 was increased, indicating that the abnormal inflammation in DW was also under control. Moreover, the abnormally elevated expression of CD86 was significantly inhibited and the expression of CD206 was significantly up‐regulated following treatment with ESO. The global level of NF‐κB protein was not affected by ESO treatment, but it suppressed the expression of phosphorylated NF‐κB and prevented its nuclear entry. In addition, in RAW264.7 cells activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the expression of NLRP3, Caspase1 and IL1β were significantly diminished following ESO treatment. In conclusion, ESO was proved to be a promising treatment for DW healing due to its potential to accelerate the healing process by suppressing the inflammatory response. This was achieved by increasing the ratio of M2 to M1 polarization through blocking the NF‐κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway.