Insights into neurosonographic indicators for prenatal diagnosis of fetal neurological anomalies and cortical development: A systematic review of the literature

Congenital defects of the central nervous system are the second cause of disability in childhood, representing up to 20 % of structural malformations diagnosed prenatally. The accurate prenatal diagnosis of fetal neurological anomalies and the assessment of cortical development are critical for early intervention and improved long-term outcomes. Neurosonography plays a vital role in this process, providing detailed insights into the structural and functional development of the fetal brain. This systematic review aims to synthesize current knowledge on neurosonographic indicators for prenatal diagnosis, with a special focus on cortical development and its impact in cases of fetal growth defects.