免疫系统
免疫学
病毒学
生发中心
抗原
生物
先天免疫系统
抗体
B细胞
作者
Guibin Lin,Hongyuan Yan,Jun Sun,Jincun Zhao,Yuan Zhang
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.omtn.2023.04.021
摘要
The creation of safe and effective vaccines that induce potent cellular and humoral immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 is urgently needed to end the global COVID-19 epidemic. Here, we developed an alphavirus-derived self-replicating RNA (repRNA)-based vaccine platform encoding the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein. The repRNA triggers prolonged antigen expression compared with conventional mRNA due to the replication machinery of repRNA. To improve the delivery and vaccine efficacy of repRNA, we developed a self-assembling liposome-protamine-RNA (LPR) nanoparticle with highly efficient encapsulation and transfection of repRNA. LPR-repRNA vaccines substantially activated type I interferon response and innate immune signaling pathways. Subcutaneous immunization of LPR-repRNA-RBD led to prolonged antigen expression, stimulation of innate immune cells, and induction of germinal center response in draining lymph nodes. LPR-repRNA-RBD induced antigen-specific T cell responses and skewed cellular immunity toward an effector memory CD8+ T cell response. Immunizations with LPR-repRNA-RBD triggered the production of anti-RBD IgG antibodies and induced neutralizing antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus. LPR-repRNA-RBD vaccines reduced SARS-CoV-2 infection and lung inflammation in mice. Altogether, these data suggest that the LPR-repRNA platform can be a promising avenue for COVID-19 vaccine development. The creation of safe and effective vaccines that induce potent cellular and humoral immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 is urgently needed to end the global COVID-19 epidemic. Here, we developed an alphavirus-derived self-replicating RNA (repRNA)-based vaccine platform encoding the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein. The repRNA triggers prolonged antigen expression compared with conventional mRNA due to the replication machinery of repRNA. To improve the delivery and vaccine efficacy of repRNA, we developed a self-assembling liposome-protamine-RNA (LPR) nanoparticle with highly efficient encapsulation and transfection of repRNA. LPR-repRNA vaccines substantially activated type I interferon response and innate immune signaling pathways. Subcutaneous immunization of LPR-repRNA-RBD led to prolonged antigen expression, stimulation of innate immune cells, and induction of germinal center response in draining lymph nodes. LPR-repRNA-RBD induced antigen-specific T cell responses and skewed cellular immunity toward an effector memory CD8+ T cell response. Immunizations with LPR-repRNA-RBD triggered the production of anti-RBD IgG antibodies and induced neutralizing antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus. LPR-repRNA-RBD vaccines reduced SARS-CoV-2 infection and lung inflammation in mice. Altogether, these data suggest that the LPR-repRNA platform can be a promising avenue for COVID-19 vaccine development.
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