The role and use of PEDOT:PSS in organic LEDs and photodiodes

Summary form only given. We describe the application and influence of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) in polymer light-emitting diodes and photodiodes. The operating mechanisms of devices with and without PEDOT:PSS are compared and contrasted using a combination of current-voltage-luminance measurements, electromodulation spectroscopy and modelling studies. The properties of ITO-free flexible LEDs and photodiodes with PEDOT:PSS anodes are also described.