癌症
纳米毒理学
纳米颗粒
自噬
纳米技术
癌症治疗
医学
化学
癌症研究
癌细胞
材料科学
细胞凋亡
生物化学
内科学
作者
Anisa Andleeb,Aneeta Andleeb,Salman Asghar,Gouhar Zaman,Muhammad Tariq,Azra Mehmood,Muhammad Nadeem,Christophe Hano,José M. Lorenzo,Bilal Haider Abbasi
出处
期刊:Cancers
[MDPI AG]
日期:2021-06-05
卷期号:13 (11): 2818-2818
被引量:77
标识
DOI:10.3390/cancers13112818
摘要
Cancer is one of the foremost causes of death worldwide. Cancer develops because of mutation in genes that regulate normal cell cycle and cell division, thereby resulting in uncontrolled division and proliferation of cells. Various drugs have been used to treat cancer thus far; however, conventional chemotherapeutic drugs have lower bioavailability, rapid renal clearance, unequal delivery, and severe side effects. In the recent years, nanotechnology has flourished rapidly and has a multitude of applications in the biomedical field. Bio-mediated nanoparticles (NPs) are cost effective, safe, and biocompatible and have got substantial attention from researchers around the globe. Due to their safe profile and fewer side effects, these nanoscale materials offer a promising cure for cancer. Currently, various metallic NPs have been designed to cure or diagnose cancer; among these, silver (Ag), gold (Au), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) are the leading anti-cancer NPs. The anticancer potential of these NPs is attributed to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cellular compartments that eventually leads to activation of autophagic, apoptotic and necrotic death pathways. In this review, we summarized the recent advancements in the biosynthesis of Ag, Au, Zn and Cu NPs with emphasis on their mechanism of action. Moreover, nanotoxicity, as well as the future prospects and opportunities of nano-therapeutics, are also highlighted.
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