Cyberbullying and problematic social media use: an insight into the positive role of social support in adolescents—data from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study in Italy

The global spread of electronic devices has made cyberbullying and problematic social media use (PSMU) emerging public health concerns. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of cyberbullying and PMSU among adolescents in northwestern Italy. We also explored the association between cyberbullying and PSMU and whether this association was moderated by social support.Data were collected as part of the Italian 2018 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study in the Piedmont region; 186 school classes participated, comprising 3022 children aged 11, 13 and 15 years. The prevalence of cyberbullying and PSMU were estimated in subgroups of age and gender. Multivariate logistic regression was used to investigate the association between cyberbullying and PSMU, before and after taking into account social support.Girls reported higher cyber-victimisation and PSMU than boys (9.1% vs 6.0% and 10.2% vs 6.1%, respectively), and the risk of cyber-victimisation was higher in the presence of PSMU. This risk was attenuated in the presence of social support.PSMU is an important driver of cyberbullying, although social support can mediate these behaviours. Public health interventions are needed to guide adolescents how to use social media appropriately and to prevent cyberbullying and the mental health problems they can provoke.