Mechanical energy-induced charge separation in intelligent sensing

Mechanical sensors play a pivotal role in intelligent sensing and exhibit exciting prospects for applications including human-machine interactions and biomedical engineering. However, the applicability of mechanical sensors has been greatly restricted, owing to the reliance on external power supplies. Interfacial charged materials can harvest mechanical energy to induce charge separation and output electricity, therefore eliminating the bottleneck of the power source. Previous researchers have reviewed the widespread applications of interfacial charged materials, whereas the energy conversion mechanisms of interfacial charged materials and their applications in intelligent sensing are not well discussed. Here, the energy conversion, development, and applications of interfacial charged materials in intelligent sensing are systematically reviewed.