Nitrogen-phosphorus intumescent flame retardant is intensely concerned owing to its high efficiency and low toxicity.The constituent and flame retarding mechanism of nitrogen-phosphorus intumescent flame retardant were discussed.The single,blended,synergistic and microcapsule type nitrogen-phosphorus intumescent flame retardants were introduced respectively.Finally,the application of intumescent flame retardant was introduced and the development of nitrogen-phosphorus intumescent flame retardant was prospected.