Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) are the main active components in fruit of Lycium barbarum L. It possesses a lot of biological activities, such as immunomodulation, anti-tumor and anti-aging effect. Further separation and purification of LBP are achieved with the development and improvement in chemical separation technique. Therefore, obvious advances in research of the molecular mechanism of its immune action, such as its acting target cells and signal transduction pathway are completed.