Tourism Commercialization and Spatial Restructuring of a Traditional Village: Functional Layering in Hangwu Miao Village, China

Functional spaces in traditional villages underpin daily life, production, and cultural continuity, yet their cumulative transformation under tourism commercialization remains insufficiently understood. This study develops an integrated TCD–HLP framework combining Tourism Creative Destruction and the Historic Layering Perspective to examine tourism-driven spatial restructuring in Hangwu Miao Village, western Hunan, China. Using historical map reconstruction, field investigation, kernel density analysis, land-use transition analysis, and space syntax, four stages are identified: pre-commodification, early commodification, advanced commodification, and early destruction. Functional patterns shift from residential-cultural clusters toward tourism- and capital-oriented mixed spaces, while integration cores move toward major traffic corridors and spatial intelligibility declines. The framework further reveals three mechanisms: misplaced functional layering, selective destruction coupled with selective layering, and functional hollowing. These findings clarify stage-specific processes of tourism-induced spatial restructuring and offer planning implications for balancing tourism development with cultural landscape conservation.