Phase-Shift Differential Holography Based on Metasurface

Holography provides an efficient and precise approach for capturing complex light fields, serving as an advanced technique capable of fully recording and reproducing light wave information. Recent works have showed that specific angular phase-shift techniques can enable holography to simultaneously capture both intensity and phase information. Here, we propose phase-shift differential holography (PSDH), an angularly unconstrained phase-shifting differential holography method, leveraging the differential computational capabilities of metasurface. The method achieves holographic reconstruction by acquiring one-dimensional edge characteristics of the object and introducing only two additional phase-shifting steps. Exploiting the unique compactness of metasurfaces, the approach eliminates the needs for fixed phase-shift sizes, simplifying and accelerating the holographic reconstruction process. PSDH is theoretically derived and validated through numerical simulations, with experimental verifications conducted at both macro and micro scales, confirming its accuracy and feasibility. We believe that this work offers possibilities for practical applications in fields such as biomedical imaging, image processing, and information technology.