According to JJF 1059.1-2012 of Evaluation and Expression of Uncertainty, uncertainty evaluation of measurement cadmium in copper aluminum alloy had proposed by photoelectric spectrometry. The sources of the measurement uncertainty were analyzed in the process of analysis and the corresponding mathematical model was established. The uncertainty of standard of A and B, the synthetic standard uncertainty, the expansion uncertainty and confidence interval of determined results were determined. The uncertainty of the B standard was the main source of uncertainty in the spectral analysis between uncertainty of class A and B, and the uncertainty of the sample properties was much larger than the uncertainty of other factors. The established method had certain model significance on the uncertainty evaluation of other substances measurement by spectroscopic method.