STANDARDIZATION IMPACT ON MANUFACTURING OF EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES

The manufacture of tunneling and mining equipment is discussed from the point of view of international trade. The classical approach to standardization is set forth and current developments in standardization are noted. The importance of SI units in this area is stressed. Technical barriers (already in existance or being formed) are potential barriers to international trade. The goal for international standardization work is to develop standards on the design and the performance of the machine, so that it is internationally acceptable. Different classes of safety levels must be standardized and described in the international standard. The national law then prescribes that equipment fulfilling the demands of an international standard is safe under certain specified conditions. It is important that authorities, especially those involved in safety matters, take an active part in international standardization. An example describes the application of local regulations to the manufacture of pressure vessels. The inherent danger that standards can have in hampering technical development is discussed. The activities of two international organizations concerned with standardization are reviewed, and items for standardization in mining and tunneling are outlined. These include tunnel cross-sections, code of safety, and rock classification systems. Examples of activities that a company must maintain (in the technical, production, and sales departments) to overcome technical trade barriers are described. Estimates show that technical trade barriers increase the product cost by 2-3 percent. Brief advice is offered to politicians and authorities, to industry, to standardization bodies and to users.