Graphite and Graphite-Like Materials from Black-Shale and Magmatic Ores: Raman Spectroscopy Data

The graphite and graphite-like samples from many gold-ore deposits of the black-shale formation and magmatic ore deposits of Russia and Kazakhstan are investigated by means of micro-Raman spectroscopy technique with near-ultraviolet excitation. The results showed different Raman spectral variations of carbonaceous materials (CM) with metamorphic grade: the well-ordered graphite from magmatic rocks, more ordered, and the disordered less graphitized CM from black-shale ores. For the first time in the world’s practice, the Raman spectroscopy technique has been applied to determine the temperature of graphitizing for CM at gold-ore deposits of the black-shale formation. The temperatures obtained from carboniferous substance for the gold deposits range from 405 to 280 °C. Temperature of CM formation from Pt-low sulfide ores of the Talnakh deposit ranges from 4,700 to 6,500 °C. It showed that the carbon-rich phases from black-shale and magmatic rocks have various degrees of graphitization and different carbon forms.