Renal-Clearable Metalloporphyrin Complex-Based Nanosonosensitizers Using Photoacoustic Imaging Guiding to Enhance Sonodynamic Cancer Therapy

exhibited a relative cell viability of ∼9% and a tumor inhibition rate of ∼91%. This result demonstrates that MM NDs can efficiently increase the effectiveness of SDT by leveraging their catalase-like activity and ultrasmall size (4 nm) to prevent ROS quenching. Furthermore, these nanoagents could be effectively utilized for photoacoustic (PA) imaging to track their accumulation in tumors and monitor the alleviation of the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. Notably, MM ND-mediated SDT demonstrated superior penetration depth compared to PDT, making it more effective in inhibiting contralateral tumors while facilitating deep-tissue treatment. Thus, this study introduces renal-clearable nanoagents with promising potential for PA-guided SDT, thereby paving the way for more effective tumor treatment strategies.