De Novo Biosynthesis of a Polyene-Type Ginsenoside Precursor Dammaradienol in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

). The high-yielding squalene strain constructed in this study was used as the chassis strain. Yeast heterologous biosynthesis of the polyene-type ginsenoside precursor dammaradienol was achieved via metabolic engineering strategies, including optimization of the terpene supply, increase in copy number of AarOSC20433, and rational enzyme design. Eventually, through replenishment and batch fermentation, the titer of dammaradienol reached 1.037 g/L (4.3 mg/L/OD), laying a solid foundation for the construction of a polyene-type ginsenoside cell factory.