Sustainable Heterogeneous Catalyst Exert for Synthesis of Bio-active Pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole Scaffolds as an Anticancer and Antimicrobial Drug Agents

Heterocyclic chemistry is an essential area of study in organic chemistry, especially due to the biological and pharmacological importance of heterocyclic compounds. Developing sustainable, heterogeneous catalysts for the efficient, eco-friendly synthesis of pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole scaffolds is a key objective in modern synthesis. These N/O-containing fused five-six membered rings have unique structures and bioactivities that make them promising candidates for use in antimicrobial and anticancer drug development. This review explores the role of heterogeneous catalysis in synthesizing bio-active pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles through one-pot, cyclocondensation, and multicomponent reactions, emphasizing their significance in drug development.