Hydrothermal carbonization synthesis of amorphous carbon nanoparticles (15–150 nm) with fine-tuning of the size, bulk order, and the consequent impact on antioxidant and photothermal properties

Parameter modification and post-synthesis hydrothermal process were applied to tune the size and increase bulk order of CNP, resulting in increased photothermal and antioxidant activities, without affecting the morphological and colloidal properties.