Technical aspects and clinical applications of synthetic MRI: a scoping review

Abstract Introduction Synthetic magnetic resonance imaging (SyMRI) is a non-invasive, robust MRI technique that generates multiple contrast-weighted images by acquiring a single MRI sequence within a few minutes, along with quantitative maps, automatic brain segmentation, and volumetry. Since its inception, it has undergone technical advancements and has also been tested for feasibility in various organs and pathological conditions. This scoping review comprehensively pinpoints the critical technical aspects and maps the wide range of clinical applications/benefits of SyMRI. Content A comprehensive search was conducted across five databases, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and CINAHL Ultimate, using appropriate keywords related to SyMRI. A total of 99 studies were included after a 2-step screening process. Data related to the technical factors and clinical application was charted. Summary SyMRI provides quantitative maps and segmentation techniques comparable to conventional MRI and has demonstrated feasibility and applications across neuroimaging, musculoskeletal, abdominal and breast pathologies spanning the entire human lifespan, from prenatal development to advanced age. Certain drawbacks related to image quality have been encountered that can be overcome with technical advances, especially AI-based algorithms. Outlook SyMRI has immense potential for being incorporated into routine imaging for various pathologies due to its added advantage of providing quantitative measurements for more robust diagnostic and prognostic work-up with faster acquisitions and greater post-processing options.