Influence factors and kinetic analysis of liquid marbles colliding with sessile droplets

Liquid marbles can be used as micro-droplet carriers due to their non-wetting, non-adhesion, and selective material exchange with the outside environment, wide applications in emerging fields like microfluidics and chemical, biological, and chemical microreactors. The collision can be used as a method of manipulating material transfer by marbles, which has significance and research value. Unlike droplet-droplet or marble-marble collisions, the collision behavior between marbles and droplets is more abundant and complex. The study of this process is vital for effectively transferring the material with marble as the medium. In this paper, high-speed camera filming technology is used to capture the collision process between liquid marbles and sessile droplets. The collision process between marbles and droplets is investigated for different Ohnesorge numbers (<inline-formula><tex-math id="M1">\begin{document}$Oh$\end{document}</tex-math><alternatives><graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="16-20230815_M1.jpg"/><graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="16-20230815_M1.png"/></alternatives></inline-formula>) and wall hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity (contact angle: <inline-formula><tex-math id="Z-20230813045137-1">\begin{document}$\theta \sim 35.4^\circ \text{–}124.5^\circ$\end{document}</tex-math><alternatives><graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="16-20230815_Z-20230813045137-1.jpg"/><graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="16-20230815_Z-20230813045137-1.png"/></alternatives></inline-formula>). This research demonstrates that at the hydrophilic interface, the contact angle formed between the droplet and the interface is small (<i>θ</i> ≤ 61.3°), and when the collision occurs, the effective contact area is small, which cannot form a larger obstruction to the forward motion of the marble and ends the collision with the droplet in the form of overturning; when the hydrophobic interface is changed into the hydrophobic interface, the effective collision area increases, which forms a larger obstruction to the forward motion of the marble and replaces overturning with rebound behavior; when the hydrophobicity of the interface increases to <i>θ</i> = 124.5°, the effective collision area becomes larger, and the fluctuations generated at the interface after the collision cause the particles on the surface of the marble to migrate and appear in the exposed area, forming a liquid bridge and then quickly completing the aggregation. When marbles and sessile droplets collide, three distinct motion behaviors emerge: climbing, rebound, and coalescence-merging (coalescence).