激素
内科学
内分泌学
促炎细胞因子
内皮干细胞
平衡
内皮功能障碍
更年期
生物
血管舒张
内皮
免疫系统
细胞粘附分子
医学
免疫学
炎症
体外
生物化学
出处
期刊:Atherosclerosis
[Elsevier]
日期:2023-11-01
卷期号:384: 117278-117278
被引量:9
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117278
摘要
Endothelial cells are important constituents of blood vessels and play a critical role in vascular homeostasis. They do not only control the exchanges between the blood and the surrounding tissues, but are also essential in regulating blood flow, modulating immune-cell trafficking and controlling vascular growth and repair. Endothelial dysfunction leads to cardiovascular diseases and is characterized by deficiency in secretion of vasodilator molecules, elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS), expression of adhesion molecules and excretion of proinflammatory cytokines. The sex hormones, estrogens, androgens and progestogens, regulate endothelial functions. Because cardiovascular disease risk increases after menopause, it is believed that female hormones, estrogens and progestogens promote endothelial cell health and function whereas androgens, the male hormones, might be detrimental. However, as illustrated in the present review, the picture might not be that simple. In addition, sex influences endothelial cell physiology independently of sex hormones but at genetic level.
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