Fertility‐sparing approach to malignant ovarian germ cell tumors – Oncologic and obstetric outocome: A retrospective study

Abstract Objective To evaluate oncologic (such as disease‐free and overall survival) and obstetric outcomes in patients diagnosed with malignant ovarian germ cell tumors (MOGCTs). Methods Patients diagnosed with MOGCTs between March 2007 and February 2022 were evaluated and patients who underwent fertility sparing surgery were included in this retrospective study. The obstetric and oncologic outcomes were evaluated by collecting data up until the patient's last follow‐up visit from the hospital records and patient files. The study was approved by Başkent University Institutional Review Board (KA23/124). Results Seventy FSS patients were included in this study. The median age of the patients was 22.5 years (range: 11–37). The median follow‐up time was 92.0 months (10–189). Immature teratoma was the most common histological subtype (32.9%). Bilateral involvement was detected in only one patient with immature teratoma (1.4%). The 5‐year DFS rates of immature teratoma, dysgerminoma, yolk sac, and mixed germ cell histologic types were 91.1%, 94.1%, 82.4%, and 88.9%, respectively ( P : 0.716). The 5‐year OS rates of the same histologic types were 95.7%, 100%, 88.2%, and 88.9%, respectively ( P = 0.487). All patients (100%) had a regular menstrual cycle after the completion of adjuvant treatment. The mean time between the last chemotherapy and menstruation was 4.38 months. To date, a total of 34 patients tried to conceive after the completion of disease treatment. A total of 23 (67.6%) patients conceived, resulting in 27 live births in 22 (100%) patients. Conclusion Fertility preservation should be the first treatment option in MOGCTs in young patients due to the unilateral involvement of the disease and its chemosensitive nature.