Reengineering Waste Boxwood Powder into Light and High-Strength Biodegradable Composites to Replace Petroleum-Based Synthetic Materials

The preparation of biocomposites from renewable and sustainable forestry residues is an effective method to significantly reduce the environmental pollution caused by synthetic materials such as plastics and synthetic fibers. This study is aimed at developing a clean process for the large-scale production of high-performance green biocomposites without involving any chemical adhesive. Adhesive-free biocomposites with superior mechanical properties were prepared using HCl ball milling pretreatment and in situ synthesis. The nano-Fe₃O₄ was uniformly dispersed in the cellulose matrix, and when the matrix was subjected to external forces, the stress concentration effect around the particles absorbed energy, thus effectively improving the mechanical strength of the matrix. The flexural strength and tensile strength of BWP(Fe₃O₄) samples were increased by 159.04 and 175.34%, compared to that of regular wood powder control samples. The lignin melts under high temperature and pressure and then forms a carbonized layer on the surface of the biocomposites during the cooling process, which prevents the rapid penetration of water from the surface and also gives the biocomposites good thermal stability. The results of this research can avoid the harmful volatiles generated by chemical adhesive than that of the traditional fiberboard process and effectively replace petroleum-based synthetic materials prepared using the addition of various chemical additives, making it conform to the concept of environmental protection and sustainability.