A flexible dual-mode sensor with decoupled strain and temperature sensing for smart robots

), excellent linearity (0.998), and highly discernible temperature resolution (0.1 °C). Additionally, the sensor has also exhibited a wide strain monitoring range (20 to 1000 με), good strain resolution (20 με or 0.002%), and a fast strain response time (54 ms). When practically demonstrated, our sensor has successfully shown independent perception of strain and temperature, which highlights its promising application potential in the fields of smart robotics and intelligent prosthetics.