Detection of citrulline modification in histone peptides using biological nanopore

Citrullination, a particularly subtle (+1 Da) post-translational modification (PTM), has recently gained significant interest in the field of biomedicine because of its suspected involvement in human diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and tumours. In spite of minimal change in residue size introduction of citrulline in histone proteins is known to drastically change the structure and function. Hence, sensitive techniques are in demand for the detection of citrullination. In the light of recent demonstrations of the high sensitivity of the aerolysin pore to peptide volume (Piguet et al.