Effect of MoO3/WO3 modulation on high-temperature wettability and crystallization behavior of glass and its application in solar cell

The role of glass in the metallization contact of crystalline silicon solar cells is crucial. Numerous studies have been conducted to investigate the reaction between the main components in glass and SiNx antireflection layer during sintering. Additionally, the low content component in glass plays an indispensable role in etching and wetting silicon base. The present study investigated the impact of ionic radius on glass properties through manipulation of the elemental composition of transition metals Mo and W. The results indicated a significant decrease in the characteristic temperature point of glass and an increase in wettability after the addition of MoO3 and WO3. Furthermore, the thermal expansion of glass was observed to increase with higher WO3 content. Screen printing for the preparation of silver electrodes revealed that glass-silver pastes had optimal printing properties. When the quality ratio of MoO3 and WO3 was 7:3, it effectively enhanced the precipitation of Bi2WO6 and Pb7.90Mo0.10O12.15 crystals in the glass, leaded to a reduction in the band gap of the glass. This resulted in an increased imprint of silver crystals within the glass layer, with more nano-silver crystals were deposited near the pyramid. Consequently, an optimal metallization contact was established between the silver grid and emitter. The average aspect ratio of silver grid improved from 0.415 for AG-1 to 0.469 for AG-3, which enhanced the photoelectric conversion efficiency of crystalline silicon solar cells.