The Elusive member of the Ti-Al-C MAX family- Ti4AlC3

We report here perhaps the first successful synthesis and structural characterization of the n=3 family member of Tin+1AlCn, i. e. Ti4AlC3. X-ray Powder diffraction (XRD) data shows characteristic reflections of from corresponding to reflections from the (002), (004), (006), (008), (100), (102), (104), (0010), (105), (106), (0012), (1011) and (1012) planes at 2θ =7.640, 15.170, 22.760, 30.50, 350, 37.40 38.30, 39.20, 41.30, 46.220, 55.240, 58.620 and 60.780 (double structure) respectively. Rietveld refinement of the XRD data reveals a phase purity of about 79 % for alpha-Ti4AlC3, 15 % for beta-Ti4AlC3 and the rest mostly that of cubic TiC (6 %). The primary crystal symmetry of the two dominant phases is the hexagonal P63/mmc. The precursors chosen were TiH2, Al metal powder and Carbon powder in a molar ratio of 3:1.2:2, which build the case for an Al-deficient condition. We adopted the pressureless sintering technique at 13500 C with a dwelling time of 4 hours under ultra-high vacuum of 10-7 mbar. The co-existence of trace amount of Ti2AlC at 1350 deg C is proven by the small structure at 2θ=13.130. No trace of oxides like Al2O3 or TiO2 was found in the end product. The line profile width of XRD data indicates average grain size of the order of micro meter. The Scanning Electron Microscopy images show highly lamellar stacked growth of almost a pure MAX (alpha or beta) phase and grain size of micron order, agreeing well with the XRD data.