Application of Transperineal Ultrasound in Assessing the Impact of the Degree of Uterine Prolapse on the Anterior Compartment

This study was performed to assess how the degree of uterine prolapse affects the anterior pelvic compartment using transperineal ultrasound. This single-center, retrospective study included 287 patients with uterine prolapse as assessed by transperineal ultrasound. The patients were categorized into mild and severe groups based on the severity of uterine prolapse. All patients underwent pelvic floor ultrasonography, during which the bladder neck descent, lowest point of the bladder, retrovesical angle, urethral tilt angle, and urethral rotation angle were observed to classify cystocele types. In the mild group, 38.2% (37/97) of patients were diagnosed with a cystourethrocele, and the incidence of urinary incontinence was 67.0% (65/97). Both of these rates were higher than the corresponding rates of 33.7% (64/190) and 53.7% (102/190) in the severe group (P < 0.01). Conversely, 55.2% (105/190) of patients in the severe group were diagnosed with an isolated cystocele. Dysuria was observed in 20.0% (38/190) of these patients, which was significantly higher than the rates of 34.0% (33/97) and 8.2% (8/97) in the mild group (P < 0.05). The degree of uterine prolapse affects the type of cystocele and lower urinary tract symptoms. More severe uterine prolapse is associated with a higher incidence of isolated cystocele and lower incidence of urinary incontinence.