Long-Term CO2 Hydrogenation into Liquid Fuels with a Record-High Single-Pass Yield of 31.7% over Interfacial Fe–Zn Sites

Despite extensive research efforts in CO₂ hydrogenation, achieving a high yield of liquid fuels remains a significant challenge due to the limited conversion of CO₂ and the considerable formation of undesired C₁ byproducts. In this study, we report a record-high yield of liquid fuels from CO₂ hydrogenation facilitated by an Fe-Zn catalyst enriched with interfacial sites. These interfacial sites effectively enhanced carbon chain growth through the synergistic interaction of the carbide pathway and CO insertion while simultaneously suppressing the formation of CO and CH₄. Consequently, the selectivity for undesired C₁ byproducts was minimized to 14.7%, while maintaining a high selectivity of 72.2% for liquid fuels. Under optimized reaction conditions including 360 °C, 4.0 MPa, 4,000 mL g_cat^-1 h^-1, and CO₂/H₂ = 3, the liquid fuel yield reached 31.7% at a single-pass CO₂ conversion of 48.2%.