Predicting Explainable Dementia Types with LLM-aided Feature Engineering

Abstract Motivation The integration of Machine Learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) into healthcare has immense potential due to the rapidly growing volume of clinical data. However, existing AI models, particularly Large Language Models (LLMs) like GPT-4, face significant challenges in terms of explainability and reliability, particularly in high-stakes domains like healthcare. Results This paper proposes a novel LLM-aided feature engineering approach that enhances interpretability by extracting clinically relevant features from the Oxford Textbook of Medicine. By converting clinical notes into concept vector representations and employing a linear classifier, our method achieved an accuracy of 0.72, outperforming a traditional n-gram Logistic Regression baseline (0.64) and the GPT-4 baseline (0.48), while focusing on high level clinical features. We also explore using Text Embeddings to reduce the overall time and cost of our approach by 97%. Availability All code relevant to this paper is available at: https://github.com/AdityaKashyap423/Dementia_LLM_Feature_Engineering/tree/main Supplementary Information Supplementary PDF and other data files can be found at https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1UqdpsKFnvGjUJgp58k3RYcJ8zN8zPmWR?usp=share_link .