生物利用度
纳米载体
药理学
药品
吸收(声学)
药代动力学
药物输送
首过效应
体内
医学
流出
化学
材料科学
生物
生物化学
生物技术
有机化学
复合材料
作者
Maisarah Azman,Akmal Hidayat Bin Sabri,Qonita Kurnia Anjani,Mohd Faiz Mustaffa,Khuriah Abdul Hamid
摘要
The oral route is the most common and practical means of drug administration, particularly from a patient's perspective. However, the pharmacokinetic profile of oral drugs depends on the rate of drug absorption through the intestinal wall before entering the systemic circulation. However, the enteric epithelium represents one of the major limiting steps for drug absorption, due to the presence of efflux transporters on the intestinal membrane, mucous layer, enzymatic degradation, and the existence of tight junctions along the intestinal linings. These challenges are more noticeable for hydrophilic drugs, high molecular weight drugs, and drugs that are substrates of the efflux transporters. Another challenge faced by oral drug delivery is the presence of first-pass hepatic metabolism that can result in reduced drug bioavailability. Over the years, a wide range of compounds have been investigated for their permeation-enhancing effect in order to circumvent these challenges. There is also a growing interest in developing nanocarrier-based formulation strategies to enhance the drug absorption. Therefore, this review aims to provide an overview of the challenges faced by oral drug delivery and selected strategies to enhance the oral drug absorption, including the application of absorption enhancers and nanocarrier-based formulations based on in vitro, in vivo, and in situ studies.
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