A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials on the Effect of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for People With Dementia

ABSTRACT Background Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) has demonstrated positive effects on emotional well‐being and quality of life in individuals with dementia. Limited evidence constrains the generalisability of these findings. Methods This review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that implemented CBT and assessed cognitive function, depressive symptoms, anxiety and quality of life in individuals with dementia were included. Seven databases—APA PsycINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, MEDLINE, PubMed and Web of Science—were searched up to 10 October 2024. The Risk of Bias 2 (RoB‐2) tool was used to evaluate the methodological quality of included studies. Pooled standardised mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random‐effects models for each outcome. Results A total of 10 RCTs, involving 1412 individuals with dementia and published between 2011 and 2024, were included in the analysis. CBT was associated with a reduction in anxiety (pooled SMD = −0.94; 95% CI = −1.33 to −0.55; I 2 = 0.00%; p < 0.04). No significant differences were found in cognitive function, depression or quality of life between those receiving CBT and those in the control groups. Conclusions This study suggests that CBT alleviates anxiety in people with dementia. However, further investigation is required to clarify its effects on cognitive function, depressive symptoms and quality of life. Future research should focus on the development of CBT protocols, alongside the exploration of relevant outcome measures. Relevance to Clinical Practice CBT has shown potential in improving emotional well‐being and quality of life in individuals with dementia. The findings inform healthcare professionals about its clinical utility and effectiveness in dementia care. Patient or Public Contributions The findings suggest that traditional CBT may not fully address the needs of people with dementia, emphasising the importance of incorporating multisensory stimulation and caregiver involvement to enhance therapeutic outcomes.