Pathophysiology of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and the Potential Role of Dexmedetomidine as a Modulator

ABSTRACT Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a fundamental process that profoundly influences immune cell function and plays a critical role in the development and progression of various physiological and pathological conditions. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of ER stress and its implications for cellular function and disease pathogenesis is of paramount importance in developing targeted therapeutic interventions. Dexmedetomidine, an alpha‐2 adrenergic agonist primarily used as a sedative, has emerged as a potential modulator of ER stress. This review aims to explore the impact of Dexmedetomidine on ER stress within immune cells and its potential therapeutic implications. Dexmedetomidine exhibits the remarkable ability to inhibit the activation of ER stress pathways, preserve protein synthesis, and suppress apoptosis mediated by ER stress markers. Furthermore, Dexmedetomidine exerts regulatory effects on immune cells and inflammation by reducing the production of proinflammatory cytokines and modulating immune functions. These compelling findings suggest that Dexmedetomidine holds significant promise as a valuable therapeutic tool for conditions characterized by dysregulated ER stress and immune dysfunction.