Configuring supply chain governance and digital capabilities for resilience: Evidence from the manufacturing sector

In an increasingly complex and turbulent global environment, achieving resilience in manufacturing supply chains has become a critical strategic priority. Drawing on a sample of 300 manufacturing firms, this study examines both the net and configurational effects of supply chain governance mechanisms and dynamic digital capabilities on supply chain resilience. Using structural equation modeling and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), the findings reveal that: Contractual governance, relational governance, digital sensing capability, digital resource integration, digital-driven innovation, and digital-enabled business capabilities each have a positive impact on manufacturing supply chain resilience. In the overall sample, only relational governance demonstrates a relatively strong individual effect, while none of the six governance or digital capability dimensions serve as necessary conditions for high resilience in subsample analyses. For high-tech manufacturing firms, two resilient configurations are identified: 1) basic digital enablement with strong governance synergy, and 2) advanced digital enablement with strong governance synergy. In contrast, non-high-tech firms exhibit three distinct resilient configurations: 1) digital integration–driven, 2 advanced digital enablement with relational governance dominance, and 3) dual-core digital enablement with robust governance synergy. These insights provide nuanced theoretical contributions and practical implications for configuring governance and digital strategies to build sustainable supply chain resilience in the manufacturing sector.