The formation of the Chinese territorial spatial planning system and international comparison

China is currently carrying out the reform of territorial spatial planning. With the method of literature review, this paper gives a brief introduction to the development course of spatial planning in the United States, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Germany, France, and Japan. After that, the four stages of China’s spatial planning development and the main contents of the current territorial spatial planning are introduced in detail. Then this paper explores the important factors affecting the development of spatial planning and the coping strategies of various countries through international comparison and discusses the enlightenments of the coping strategies of other countries to China. The study indicates that Chinese spatial planning has gone through the multi-planning stage, which comprises major functional zone planning, regional planning, territorial planning, urban and rural planning, and eco-environmental protection planning. Additionally, under the influence of multiple factors such as spatial resources, social factors, international events, environmental crises, and urban problems, China has formed the territorial spatial planning system with ecological civilization as its core concept and high-level governance, high-quality development, and high-quality life as its main planning objectives.