失调
神经可塑性
神经科学
肠道菌群
微生物群
肠-脑轴
脑功能
生物
肠道微生物群
神经发生
心理学
免疫学
生物信息学
作者
Francesca Damiani,Sara Cornuti,Paola Tognini
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109491
摘要
Neuroplasticity refers to the ability of brain circuits to reorganize and change the properties of the network, resulting in alterations in brain function and behavior. It is traditionally believed that neuroplasticity is influenced by external stimuli, learning, and experience. Intriguingly, there is new evidence suggesting that endogenous signals from the body's periphery may play a role. The gut microbiota, a diverse community of microorganisms living in harmony with their host, may be able to influence plasticity through its modulation of the gut-brain axis. Interestingly, the maturation of the gut microbiota coincides with critical periods of neurodevelopment, during which neural circuits are highly plastic and potentially vulnerable. As such, dysbiosis (an imbalance in the gut microbiota composition) during early life may contribute to the disruption of normal developmental trajectories, leading to neurodevelopmental disorders. This review aims to examine the ways in which the gut microbiota can affect neuroplasticity. It will also discuss recent research linking gastrointestinal issues and bacterial dysbiosis to various neurodevelopmental disorders and their potential impact on neurological outcomes. This article is part of the Special Issue on "Microbiome & the Brain: Mechanisms & Maladies".
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