智商
广义估计方程
韦氏成人智力量表
队列
人口
医学
神经心理学
吉
纵向研究
队列研究
怀孕
儿科
认知
精神科
环境卫生
内科学
遗传学
生物
统计
病理
数学
作者
Carly Goodman,Morteza Bashash,Rivka Green,Peter Song,Karen E. Peterson,Lourdes Schnaas,Adriana Mercado‐García,Sandra Martínez-Medina,Mauricio Hernández-Ávila,E. Angeles Martinez Mier,Martha M. Téllez-Rojo,Howard Hu,Christine Till
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.envres.2022.112993
摘要
Prenatal exposure to fluoride has been associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. However, the neuropsychological profile of fluoride's developmental neurotoxicity at low levels and the stability of this relationship across childhood has not been characterized. We investigated the longitudinal and domain specific effect of prenatal fluoride exposure on IQ among children ages 4, 5, and 6-12 years in the Early Life Exposures in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) cohort.We measured the average of maternal urinary fluoride at each trimester of pregnancy adjusted for creatinine (MUFCRE). Children were administered the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities at ages 4 (N = 386) and 5 (N = 308), and the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence at age 6-12 (N = 278). We used generalized estimating equation (GEE) models to estimate the population averaged effect of MUFCRE concentration on longitudinal General Cognitive Index (GCI)/Full-Scale IQ (FSIQ), Verbal IQ (VIQ), and Performance IQ (PIQ) scores (N = 348). We tested for possible interactions between MUFCRE and child sex as well as for MUFCRE and time point on children's IQ. All models controlled for relevant available covariates.The mean/median MUFCRE concentration was 0.90/0.83 mg/L (SD = 0.39; IQR, 0.64-1.11 mg/L). A 0.5 mg/L increase in MUFCRE predicted an average 2.12-point decrease in GCI/FSIQ (95% CI: -3.49, -0.75) and 2.63-point decrease in PIQ (95% CI: -3.87, -1.40). MUFCRE was marginally associated with VIQ across time (B = -1.29, 95% CI: -2.60, 0.01). No interactions between MUFCRE and child sex or MUFCRE and time were observed.The negative association between prenatal fluoride exposure and longitudinal IQ was driven by decrements in non-verbal intelligence (i.e. PIQ), suggesting that visual-spatial and perceptual reasoning abilities may be more impacted by prenatal fluoride exposure as compared to verbal abilities.
科研通智能强力驱动
Strongly Powered by AbleSci AI