微泡
免疫疗法
免疫系统
外体
细胞外小泡
药物输送
生物
细胞生物学
医学
癌症研究
免疫学
小RNA
纳米技术
材料科学
生物化学
基因
作者
Xiaofang Zhang,Dehong Xu,Yingqiu Song,He Rong,Tianlu Wang
标识
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2022.731516
摘要
Exosomes are nanoscale extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are present in all body fluids tested. They are secreted by a variety of cells including macrophages, dendritic cells, mast cells, granulocytes, lymphocytes, and tumor cells. Exosomes secreted by different cells have different biological components and functional characteristics and play an important role in many pathophysiological activities. Recent studies have revealed that exosomes can regulate the occurrence and development of inflammatory immune diseases and tumors by transmitting their unique proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids as signaling molecules to other cells. Exosomes serve as a novel class of diagnostic biomarkers and drug delivery systems with promising applications in immunotherapy, particularly because breakthroughs in nanotechnology have led to the development and exploration of engineered exosomes for immunotargeted therapies. Therefore, here we review the progress being made on the application of exosomes in immunotherapy and its multiple regulatory mechanisms and explore the potential application of exosomes in immunotherapy in the future.
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