先天免疫系统
CD14型
免疫学
免疫系统
Toll样受体
免疫
获得性免疫系统
脂多糖
细胞因子
乳铁蛋白
人口
生物
TLR4型
受体
肿瘤坏死因子α
医学
生物化学
遗传学
环境卫生
出处
期刊:Journal of Endotoxin Research
[SAGE]
日期:2005-04-01
卷期号:11 (2): 113-116
被引量:84
标识
DOI:10.1177/09680519050110020701
摘要
Human newborns are at increased risk of microbial invasion and display diminished responses to many vaccines indicating a functional immaturity of the immune system at birth. Such altered immune reactivity may reflect the demands of in utero existence, including the need to avoid potentially harmful inflammatory immune reactions. Despite normal basal expression of Toll-like receptors and membrane CD14, innate immune responses of neonatal mononuclear cells to lipopolysaccharide are characterized by markedly reduced release of the pro-inflammatory Th1-polarizing cytokines TNF-α and interferon-γ with relative preservation of anti-inflammatory Th2-polarizing cytokines. Differences between newborns and adults with respect to TLR-induced TNF-α release extend to a range of TLR agonists, including bacterial lipopeptides, and are due to differences in soluble factors present in blood plasma. Soluble factors in neonatal blood plasma suppress TLR-induced TNF-α release from monocytes and efforts to identify and characterize these inhibitors are on-going. Such altered immunity to TLR agonists is likely to alter both innate and adaptive immune responses in newborns profoundly. Definition of the mechanisms underlying distinct neonatal immunity promises to identify novel ways to prevent and treat infection in this relatively high-risk population.
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