RNA N6‐methyladenosine in nonocular and ocular disease

Abstract N 6 ‐methyladenosine (m 6 A), the sixth N methylation of adenylate (A) in RNA, is the most abundant transcriptome modification in eukaryotic messenger RNA (mRNAs). m 6 A modification exists in both coding mRNA and noncoding RNAs, and its functions are controlled by methyltransferase, demethylase, and m 6 A reading proteins. Methylation modification of m 6 A can regulate RNA cleavage, transport, stability, and expression. This review summarizes the enzymes involved in RNA m 6 A methylation and the commonly used detection methods. The role of m 6 A modification in physiological processes is described, and its impact on tumorigenesis, viral infection, and diabetes is further highlighted. Moreover, up‐to‐date knowledge of the implications of RNA m 6 A modification in ocular diseases such as uveal melanoma and diabetic retinopathy is introduced. Clarifying the mechanism of RNA m 6 A methylation will help elucidate the pathogenesis of various diseases, providing options for subsequent treatment.