Target selection for slow-push deflection on-orbit demonstration mission

This study addresses the critical challenge of target selection for slow-push deflection on-orbit demonstration mission, we propose a novel set of selection principles tailored to meet the mission requirements of low-energy rendezvous, continuous deflection, and precision assessment. These principles encompass accessibility, deflection feasibility, observability, safety, orbital accuracy, and scientific value. Based on these principles, nine preliminary targets were selected from the JPL small-body database. Further considering engineering constraints such as launch vehicle capabilities, a high precision dynamical model for full-process deflection efficiency optimization was developed and applied to four slow-push methods: Gravity Tractor (GT), Ion Beam Deflection (IB), Tug Boat (TB), and Laser Ablation (LA) under operational conditions. Our analysis identifies four asteroids: 2015 MB54, 2016 AO131, 2016 HO3, and 2016 ED157 as the most suitable candidate targets and provides a comparative ranking of their deflection efficiency under each slow-push method. We strongly recommend prioritizing the development of IB for an early on-orbit demonstration , while continuing advancement of TB’s key technologies to raise its Technology Readiness Level (TRL). This work provides a critical reference for the design of future on-orbit demonstrations of slow-push deflection technologies.