Emission mechanism and reduction countermeasures of agricultural greenhouse gases – a review

Abstract Global climate change, especially global warming, has caused widespread concern in the international community. Increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), nitrous oxide (N 2 O), and methane (CH 4 ) produced by human activities, are the main cause of global warming. According to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), agriculture is an important source of greenhouse gas emissions, so reduction of such emissions is of great significance to global climate change. There are many driving factors affecting agricultural greenhouse gas emissions. These factors are interrelated and interact with each other, so the mechanism of action is complicated. In this paper, first, the driving factors of agricultural greenhouse gas emissions and emission sources are introduced. Second, the factors influencing agricultural greenhouse gas emissions are analyzed and summarized. Third, to clarify the factors influencing agricultural greenhouse gas emissions, measures and countermeasures for reducing greenhouse gas emission are proposed, discussed, and compared. Finally, action mechanisms, action pathways, and long‐term reduction measures for agricultural greenhouse gases are described. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.