Recent advances in the development of electronically and ionically conductive metal-organic frameworks

As porous materials, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have drawn increased attention and are widely applied in various fields such as catalysis, gas/energy storage, chemical sensing, and drug delivery. However, the low conductivity of most MOFs greatly hinders their development. Therefore, the conductive properties of MOFs need to be strategically modulated to achieve optimal performance and realize broad and practical applications. Although most MOFs possess poor conductivity, several sorts of materials in this class exhibit outstanding conductivity and high charge mobility. In this review, the multifarious strategies and recent progress used to improve the electronic and ionic conductivities of MOFs, including the conductive mechanisms and conductivity measurements are summarized and highlighted. In addition, the important breakthroughs, challenges and future trends of MOF-based conductors are also discussed.