遗传毒性
斑马鱼
超氧化物歧化酶
毒性
谷胱甘肽
彗星试验
谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶
达尼奥
化学
DNA损伤
活性氧
毒理
发育毒性
药理学
氧化应激
微核试验
生物
神经毒性
细胞生物学
生物化学
急性毒性
基因
酶
有机化学
作者
Francisco Carlos da Silva Junior,Thais Agues-Barbosa,Ana Carolina Luchiari,Silvia Regina Batistuzzo de Medeiros
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.jece.2021.106518
摘要
Retene (1-methyl-7-isopropylphenanthrene; RET), a non-priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), is one of the most widely produced PAHs following cellulose burning. Despite RET toxicity observed in various aquatic organisms, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, the genotoxic and neurotoxic effects of RET were investigated using zebrafish as experimental model. Adult zebrafish were exposed to 250, 500, 750, and 1000 µg/L RET for 96 h. RET increased micronuclei frequency, demonstrating its genotoxic potential. After RET exposure, adult zebrafish exhibited alterations in locomotion and exploration endpoints. RET also increased the levels of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the zebrafish brains, indicating an imbalance in the redox status. Moreover, in its initial concentration, the mRNA levels of superoxide dismutase ( sod1 and sod2 ), glutathione-disulfide reductase ( gsr ), glutathione peroxidase 1 A ( gpx1a ) were up-regulated; however, in the two highest RET concentrations, the transcriptional level of nuclear factor erythroid 2 like 2 ( nfe2l2 ) was down-regulated, leading to the reduction of mRNA levels of all the antioxidant defense genes investigated. Furthermore, RET decreased the mRNA levels of genes encoding components of the cholinergic, serotoninergic, and gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) neurotransmitter systems. Taken together, these results demonstrate that RET affects DNA generating micronuclei and provide new evidence suggesting that the behavioral alterations in zebrafish could be due to changes in oxidative stress and the mRNA expression of the neurotransmitter systems. These results reinforce the risk posed by environmental pollutants to aquatic ecosystems, especially those whose toxic potentials remain underestimated. • RET leads to genotoxic effects in erythrocytes of adult zebrafish. • RET changes locomotion and exploratory endpoints in adult zebrafish. • Aberrant redox status may explain the behavioral alterations after RET exposure. • RET exposure alters the mRNA expression of neurotransmitter pathways.
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