生物
效应器
免疫受体
免疫系统
细胞生物学
细胞内
植物免疫
模式识别受体
受体
病原相关分子模式
细胞外
先天免疫系统
基因
拟南芥
遗传学
突变体
作者
Bruno Pok Man Ngou,Jonathan D. G. Jones,Pingtao Ding
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.tplants.2021.08.012
摘要
Plants have both cell-surface and intracellular receptors to recognize diverse self- and non-self molecules. Cell-surface pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) recognize extracellular pathogen-/damage-derived molecules or apoplastic pathogen-derived effectors. Intracellular nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat proteins (NLRs) recognize pathogen effectors. Activation of both PRRs and NLRs elevates defense gene expression and accumulation of the phytohormone salicylic acid (SA), which results in SA-dependent transcriptional reprogramming. These receptors, together with their coreceptors, form networks to mediate downstream immune responses. In addition, cell-surface and intracellular immune systems are interdependent and function synergistically to provide robust resistance against pathogens. Here, we summarize the interactions between these immune systems and attempt to provide a holistic picture of plant immune networks. We highlight current challenges and discuss potential new research directions.
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