Liquid Exfoliation of Colloidal Rhenium Disulfide Nanosheets as a Multifunctional Theranostic Agent for In Vivo Photoacoustic/CT Imaging and Photothermal Therapy

Abstract Near‐infrared light‐mediated theranostic agents with superior tissue penetration and minimal invasion have captivated researchers in cancer research in the past decade. Herein, a probe sonication‐assisted liquid exfoliation approach for scalable and continual synthesis of colloidal rhenium disulfide nanosheets, which is further explored as theranostic agents for cancer diagnosis and therapy, is reported. Due to high‐ Z element of Re ( Z = 75) and significant photoacoustic effect, the obtained PVP‐capped ReS 2 nanosheets are evaluated as bimodality contrast agents for computed tomography and photoacoustic imaging. In addition, utilizing the strong near‐infrared absorption and ultrahigh photothermal conversion efficiency (79.2%), ReS 2 nanosheets could also serve as therapeutic agents for photothermal ablation of tumors with a tumor elimination rate up to 100%. Importantly, ReS 2 nanosheets show no obvious toxicity based on the cytotoxicity assay, serum biochemistry, and histological analysis. This work highlights the potentials of ReS 2 nanosheets as a single‐component theranostic nanoplatform for bioimaging and antitumor therapy.